An example of Upper class and Working Class.

One example of a TV drama that represents class and status is Ugly Betty. Betty is of a working/ lower class status family compared to her colleagues at mode. For example there is a significant difference between the way she dresses compared to those she works with. Most of these people are of a higher class status, such as Daniel and Wilhelmina who both work at the top of the company, and are wealthy, with posh apartments and possessions. These dress very fashionably in the highest quality clothing, such as well made suits and designer outfits compared to Betty who wears a mix of different casual clothing, often which is old fashioned and un-flattering. We can tell a significant difference when Betty first applies for a job at the company between those who already work there and herself. For example when she is waiting to be interviewed she is very talkative and seems quite nervous compared to the other woman waiting who keeps herself to herself and seems very calm and in control of the situation.






An example of lower/working class
The street is a representation of several working/lower class families living on an unnamed street in Manchester. This clip shows several stereotypical features of people of a lower class/status. For example at the beginning of the clip we see the man swearing and using abusive language whilst the children can over hear. We also see a short clip of the man at work on a building site, which confirms to us his working class status. The clip also shows misogyny towards women and the married mother that we see at the start of the clip being unfaithful with the man that lives over the road after he comes to help her. We can also tell from their housing and clothing that they are of a lower class/ status.

Class and Status in TV Drama

Editing Media

Representation of Class and Status in Downtown Abbey

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IscFlwFNB6I


Camera Shots:
The first shot that we see in this scene is a crab shot which follows the actions of one of the servants, which  then opens up into an establishing shot where we see the setting of the country house in the background. This introduces the audience to the setting and gives us an idea to the characters we might expect to see.


We then see a mid-shot/ point of view shot of one of the characters who lives in the country house, we see her looking from the window as the boy passes on the bike in the perspective of a high angle shot. This may represent how the boy (who represents those of a servant status) is inferior to the woman in the house (who represents the people who live in the upper quarters of the country house).
We then see another point of view shot when we see the bells ringing in the servants quarters. We can see here that these characters have a lower class and status than those of the others in the house. They have to respond to these bells to meet the others needs which shows that they are inferior and have a lower position in the house and therefore in society than the others.


We then see another shot/ long shot/ establishing shot, where we can see all the characters seated vertically along the table with the head servant at the top of the table. From this we get a mid-shot of all the characters which allows us to see their costumes. This suggests to us that the characters are of a lower class and status as they are dressed in servants outfits, which is fit for their working purpose in the house.  We also see the food that is laid out for them on the table for their breakfast which is simple and practical. It is not fancy or well laid out like the upper class residents would have.
Shortly after this we see a point of view shot when we see the boy ironing the paper. We can see from this the type of jobs that they have to carry out which suggests that they are of a lower class. We  can see that they are inferior to those in the upper quarters of the house as they work to ensure that all of their needs are carefully met and have to pay attention to something as petty as making the newspaper looking presentable.


Later on in the clip we see a high angle shot of the main man in the house with his dog, walking down the stairs which switches to a side crabbing shot/ establishing shot. We can follow the movement of the character down the stairs who seems to move quite proudly and presentably down the stairs. We can see that he is a well off man from the setting around him. We can see the large glass windows behind him and the grand staircase, which show that the building is for those of an upper class status.


We then see a mid shot/ two shot of the man and one of the servants who is already waiting for the man to come down from breakfast. From this we can make a comparison of the two characters in the frame. The butler remains still in the corner and maintains a good posture where as the man moves around, looking for the different options for his breakfast. We also see a comparison in settings here. The table is neatly laid out, the room is much brighter and has flowers and grand pictures and sculptures in the background. Furthermore, the man has the whole large table to himself at which he choses to sit at the end. When we compare this to the shot we see of the servants table there are many differences. The room in which that was shot was very dull, we could see from the way the shot was framed that the servants were very crammed together. The lighting in the room also differs significantly. For example in the servants quarters it is very dull. This may show the poor layout of the room or the fact that they have to be awake much earlier in order to prepare for the others breakfast. In the upper quarters the room is very bright,  we can see the shadows of sunlight coming through which suggests that it is later in the morning and that the living conditions here are much better and more advanced.


We then see another point of view shot when the young women walks into the room and overlooks the paper that the man is reading. This allows us to see some of the stories in the paper which give us an idea of the era that the clip is set in/ along with the Mise En Scene. It may also suggest that they are all well-educated and take an interest in the news, something more typical of people of an upper-class.


At the beginning of the clip, we see an example of diegetic sound. We can hear the sound of the boy riding the bicycle past the window. From this we can see the working class status of the young boy and can see how the work he has to do is more labour-intensive than those who he delivers to in the upper-quarters of the house. Furthermore, in the background we can hear non-diegetic music. This immediately creates an uneasy atmosphere in the scene. We then see another example of diegetic sound, when the bells ring in the servants quarters. This again shows their lower status, as we can see that their role and purpose in the house is to respond to the others needs. They are lower in the hierarchy in the house. This is also representative of their position and status in society.


There is also several features of editing seen throughout this clip which help to add to the overall effect. For example, in the first part of the clip we see an eye line-match cut. Here we see the character looking at the object/character off screen, followed by a cut to their eye line and what they are looking at. This allows us to see the woman looking down at the young boy on the bike. This shows that her class and status as it represents to us that she may have more of a luxurious lifestyle, whilst the boy (of a lower class) has to get up early in the morning to work.


Following this, we see an action shot. This is when the woman rings the bell, the shot is the cut so that we see the bells ringing in the servants quarters. It matches the first shots action. From this editing we can see that the woman is of a more authoritative position in the house as her actions determine what the rest of those in the house do as a result.


We then see a cross cut used which switches the action from the servants gathered eating around the table to the boy who was riding the bike. This switch shows two actions occurring at the same time in different locations.  Later in the clip, we then see another eye line match shot/ insert, when the head servant looks at the bells ringing behind him. This again allows us to see that the people of a lower class and status have to respond to the others needs and have to be alert at all times.


We also see several examples of Reverse shots throughout this clip, for example in conversations between characters in the frame. For example, when the servants are preparing the food we see several cuts which link their conversation. However, when the main man of the house is having his breakfast, the two characters seem to be kept in the same frame so that we can see both of the characters. This may show the rushed atmosphere in the servants quarters, as these cuts make the scene seem more jumpy. Where as in the breakfast scene the cuts are kept more minimal and more subtle.

Analysis of Mise En Scene

Consists broadly of 8 areas:

• Colour: The teenage girl is wearing a mixture of white and red. This may suggest that she is at an in-between age, and the colours may show a mixture of innocence and danger. She is also wearing red lipstick which may add to this idea and suggest that she is quite rebellious. The two adults are wearing quite plane colours, such as blues and beiges which match quite closely to the background setting where the walls are blue and there is a variety of whites and beiges, for example on the curtains. This may suggest that they are quite a conventional family. The use of these colours almost makes them merge into the background, which makes the teenage girl stand out more which may suggest that she is meant to be our focus of our attention.
• Costume: The two adults are wearing more formal wear which may represent their age. They are both wearing good quality clothing which matches the setting and may show that they are quite well off and of the middle/ upper class. They are both dressed for the occasion, as the dinner looks well presented. However the teenage girl is wearing a red, white and blue jumper which looks more informal and may show her age and rebellion. She does not want to conform to what everybody else is doing around her but maybe wants to stand out and be the centre of attention. The two adults are wearing wedding rings which may suggest that they are a married couple and that they are a family. The way the women dresses may suggest that she is quite sophisticated and the male may have a good job based on the fact that he looks smart and well presented.
• Lighting: The lighting in this image is generally quite dull which may suggest that there is quite a dark presence in the room, they may be arguing or having a disagreement. The main source of light is the candles in the centre of the table, which again suggests that this family are quite old fashioned. The use of these candles in the centre of the table also create light on the teenage girl where as the two adults are in darker lighting. This may suggest that the girl is the centre of attention and that maybe the discussion and focus in their conversation is based around her and something that she has done.
• Body language/posture: The two women's posture differ quite significantly. The elder woman is sitting up right and has good posture where as the teenage girl is more slumped. This may be a stereotypical representation of her age and creates the idea the young girl may have a bad attitude and doesn't really care. The teenage girl is looking at the man with a stern and unhappy expression and the man has his fists clenched and has a sarcastic and frustrated expression which may represent some kind of conflict between the two. The women also looks annoyed by something, but looks like she is trying to refrain more from the argument.
• Framing: The whole of the scene and the way that the props are arranged is quite symmetrical. This may show a contradictory image of the family as the scenery makes everything look perfectly presented, whilst we can see them arguing around this. This may suggest that they are quite superficial and try to present a perfect image of their family when there's actually quite a lot of conflict amongst them. The distance of the characters spread along the table may also suggest that they are not very close.
• Hair and makeup: The teenage girl is wearing minimal makeup and has her hair tied up in a ponytail. This may suggest that she is not too bothered about her appearance, especially when she is around her family. She is wearing red lipstick which may suggest that she is quite rebellious, as a teenager she is keen to make a statement and stand out and this may be why she choses to wear the lipstick. The man has a normal hairstyle and represents an average middle aged man. The woman has short hair, which is more typical of elder woman which has been styled, which may suggest that she is quite sophisticated and takes pride in her appearance.
• Setting and props: The props are set up symmetrically which presents the family to be quite superficial. They try to present themselves to be the perfect family when in reality as we can see in this image they argue quite a lot. The props include things such as candles and some bright red roses which suggest that they may be upper class and suggest wealth. The red roses may show conflict, danger, love and lust. They are placed directly in front of the teenage girl, possibly because this relates to her character the most.
• Facial expressions: The teenage girl has quite a stern face. She is looking directly at the man who has almost a sarcastic expression on his face which may suggest the two are arguing about something. The woman seems to have a stern and unhappy expression to, but the way she is leaning back more and isn't looking directly at the characters may suggest that she is not directly involved in the conflict but is still not happy with one of the two.

The Grand Budapest Hotel Research

1. the issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice; (how does who owns a media company influence the type of film made and its potential success? For example do BIG companies make BIG films and therefore make all the money? Is it possible for small companies to succeed?) The production companies who made The Grand Budapest Hotel were American Empirical Pictures, Indian Paintbrush and Babelsberg Studio. American Empirical pictures is a production company created by Wes Anderson the director of the Grand Budapest Hotel and has made other films such as Rushmore and The Royal Tenenbaum. Steven M. Rales, an American business man owns Indian Paintbrush, which is responsible for funding films such as The Fantastic Mr Fox, another Wes Anderson Film. Babelsberg studio is the oldest and largest production company in Europe (based just outside of Berlin, Germany). Films such as inglorious basterds, the Bourne Ultimatum and The Hunger Games were all filmed at Babelsberg studios. None of the film companies used for the production of this film were classified as the big six and were all relatively small companies. This film was very successful with the budget that it had and was not produced by big companies. The production had a budget of $31 million and made a profit of $172.7 million. This shows that small production companies can make films that are successful as there budget was easily doubled in their profits. It is possible for companies to succeed however not on as large a scale as production companies within the big six who still dominate the global film market/industry.  Indian paintbrush is owned by Wes Anderson, who produces a specific type of film which often appears quite old fashioned and different to the conventional styles of modern films. This type of film wouldn't appeal to the wide general public, like the majority of films produced by the big six but perhaps more to fans of Wes Andersons previous work. It is true to say that big companies make the majority of money in contemporary media practise but it is still possible for small films to succeed and make money based on their budget, like the Grand Budapest Hotel.
2. the importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing; (how do companies work together to produce, distribute and publicize a film? How can Disney use their size to promote and publicise a film? How can small companies work together to promote their business' when making and promoting a film?) There were several production companies involved in the making of The Grand Budapest Hotel. The film was funded by German financial companies and film-funding organisations. It is a British-German co-production.  The film was mainly funded by the German Federal Film Fund. The film was distributed by Fox Searchlight Pictures which is a sister company of one the big six, the twentieth century fox studio. It has distributed films such as Juno, 28 days later and (500) days of summer. The three production companies along with the funding worked together to produce this film. It is often more helpful for production companies to work together so that they can afford the costs to produce a better film which will gain a better reputation for them all. The overall effect of these companies working together to produce the film is advantageous outcome, where a better film is produced and a larger profit is made which promotes their business.
3. the technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange; (how has the introduction of digital film, 3D, DVD, Blu Ray, internet streaming, downloadable content, home cinema influenced the types of films made, the way we watch them and the way we 'buy' them?) More people now buy films through the internet, downloadable content and home cinema than in the past meaning that films need not only to be available in cinemas but in other forms of media to usually be successful. The Grand Budapest was released on 284 screens in the UK. The film was also available on DVD and Blue ray after its release in cinemas. The film was/is also available for internet streaming, on sites such as Netflix which opens up its audience significantly as the majority of people chose to watch films over the internet rather than visit cinema screens these days. More people will now buy films through the internet which means that films need to be made so that they can be shown through the internet and multiple different ways.   
4. the significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences; (how and why have film companies had to alter the way they work now everyone has web enabled phones, PC's, consoles etc? How have audiences changed  their viewing habits now we no longer need to go to the cinema to watch a film?) More people now view films through internet streaming, downloadable content, home cinema and blue rays and DVD than visiting a traditional cinema. This means that films need to be available in this form of media. For example on online stores where films can be viewed such as Netflix. The Grand Budapest hotel was released on Netflix and similar sites. Film companies need to be able to distribute their films to a wider range of media forms. This means more money in distribution costs as films have to be formatted to fit each type of media form. This may both be a disadvantage and advantage to small films such as the grand Budapest Hotel as they need to be able to distribute their film on a wider scale to be successful which takes a chunk out of the money they have for distribution costs but at the same time allows them to present and market it to a larger audience.
5. the importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences; (can you think of examples of how different technologies have come together to help the film industry?) Different technologies have allowed us to improve the quality of the films we produce. For example editing is more advanced, and the use of special effects can add to the overall effect of a production. For example, in The Grand Budapest Hotel special effects are used in part of an action shot in the film, which add to its general appeal. Furthermore it allows institutions to cut costs during production. For example special effects can be used to create scenes which would otherwise increase costs in other areas of artistic production (EG: green screens can be used). Furthermore the increasing use of internet streaming etc. to view films has meant that films can be marketed at a wider audience. For example, the Grand Budapest is available on Netflix which is available to a worldwide audience, however it was only shown on 4 cinema screens in the USA and even less in other countries worldwide.
6. the issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions; (how do film companies try and attract their audience? Do they do different things in different countries?) Wes Anderson used several different techniques in his marketing of the Grand Budapest Hotel which helped with its overall success. For example he used ideas from a novel which linked into his film, something that those who are familiar with the book could've seen as a reason to see the film. A 3D model of the hotel was also toured in cinemas from Hollywood to Berlin. This shows that some marketing techniques are similar in different countries. Furthermore instructional featurettes were included with Andersons film which adds something extra to the film. Some larger scale productions may alter the way they try to attract their audience. For example by using different trailers, and posters etc, depending on the cultural tastes and varieties within a country. Smaller productions will be limited to do this with the budget they have but may still try and vary their marketing techniques to appeal to different cultures in different countries.
7. the ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. (what is your opinion on the above? Do you see the developments as a good or bad thing?) Link this area to the film. Use clear examples. I think that the developments are both good and bad. For example, a film like the Grand Budapest Hotel, which has a £30 million budget may have been more limited in the past when marketing films, as they would be restricted to the screens the film could be shown on. Where as with internet streaming etc become more widely available the film can be targeted at a worldwide audience. 

The Representation Of Disability In TV Drama

Paul Hunt in 1991 identified ten different types of stereotypes for the disabled that are commonly portrayed in TV Dramas. These include:
-The disabled being pitiful or pathetic.
-Laughable/ used for humour.
-The super Cripple.
-Being his/her worst enemy.
-As a burden.
-As a non-sexual character.
-Being unable to participate in activities in every day life.
-As an object of curiosity or violence.
-To create an atmosphere.
-The super cripple.


Disability is the least represented of all the stereotypes in TV drama, these characters are often ignored or not present at all. Also the majority of story lines focus on the carer of the disabled instead of the actual person with the disability. Many people represented in TV dramas are those who have had some sort of accident which has led to a disability rather than those who are born with a disability. The representation of those with mental illness has been criticised in recent years and often stigmatises those who suffer from mental illness, since many characters are used negatively in the storylines. Disabled peoples sexuality is often completely ignored in TV Dramas.



In this clip we see a man who has developed a disability through fighting in the army. Like commonly in TV dramas he is not someone who has had a disability from birth, however someone who has developed a disability due to an accident. We watch him coming to terms with his disability and how others react to him and change their behaviour when around him. For example at the start he is greeted by his workmates but when he asks for his job back he is told he can only come back at the minimum wage, as they look at each very reluctantly, as if making an excuse. This relates to the idea that the disabled are unable to participate in every day life, that they are unable to do their job to the same quality as everybody else. The first shot we see is a point of view shot through the barbed/ sharp wired fence. This immediately shows us that it is quite a harsh working environment, which allows us to predict that the men may not be very understanding or polite. We then see a combined close up and point of view shot of the man standing inside the building, which we see through the window. Immediately we can see from his facial expressions that he is reluctant to talk to the man with the disability, it seems like something is not quite right  and he doesn't feel comfortable talking to the man. We then have several two shots between the men where we can see the awkwardness in their conversation, we can clearly tell that the two men are trying to cover something up and lie so that they can have an excuse to not give the disabled man his job back. We then see another point of view shot as the man walks away disappointed and upset by his treatment which again represents the idea that the disabled are seen as 'pathetic', they show him to not be worthy of having a job. The next sequence in the clip shows the woman screaming at the disabled man as he goes to help her with her shopping. In this clip we see the stereotype that the disabled are pitied, the woman immediately profusely apologises and tries to make up an excuse for her reaction to him. At the end of this clip, non- diegetic music is used to help show the building frustration of the man. He is struggling to come to terms with his disability and the last part of the clip, shows his more sinister side. This represents the stereotype that the disabled are their own worst enemy. In the end sequence of the clip we see several over the shoulder shots and point of view shots where we can see the conversation between the two men. Where as before the disabled character seemed friendly and quite polite to everyone, for example when he greeted his friends and when he tried to help the woman with her shopping, he now seems quite angry and to have a sinister side. This represents the stereotype that the disabled are sinister and evil, from the way he says he wants to scare people and talks about war.

Mise En Scene:

Colour- Most of the characters are wearing quite dull and bland colours such as browns, blacks and greys throughout this clip. Also the settings appear to be quite dull, for example the weather is cloudy and it appears to be Autumn/ Winter time. Furthermore, the room at the end is also dull and is a blue/ grey colour. The lack of bright colours used throughout may show that the storyline is quite dismal and may represent how the character feels. The colours create a melancholy feel which shows the mood of the character who is trying to come to terms with his disability.
Costume-All the men in this clip are wearing quite casual clothing, such as coats and hoody's. Most of these are dull in colour such as blues and blacks. This shows the working class status of the men and may represent the monotony of their jobs/ everyday lifestyles. When we see the woman, she is also dressed casually but maturely, she is wearing a grey coat with an orangey/red scarf. The colour red is often associated with danger and something sinister. It may be used to show how the woman's reactions to the men may have implications in the future if it is something she can not come to terms with.
Lighting-The weather in this clip appears to be quite dull and gloomy. It appears to be Autumn/ Winter time weather. This creates a dull lighting in most scenes in this clip, which creates an atmosphere which is quite depressing and could represent something more sinister (which could, for example, foreshadow how the character acts at the end of the clip). At the end of the clip, again the room is dully lit and we can see this from the use of the shadows which are reflected on to the character and in the background. The use of shadowed lighting may be representative of the character. For example the light is trying to get through (which often represents hope etc.) but is being blocked by something, hence creating the shadows. This may show how societies attitudes towards the disabled character are stopping him from leading a normal and enjoyable life and turning him into something more sinister than he was before he suffered from disability.
Body Language/ Framing- Body language is significant at several points in this clip. For example when the man goes to help the woman with her shopping, she jumps back and gasps. This shows a stereotypical view of how people react to the disabled in society and how often many people do not know how to react in those situations. The way she reacts and her body language is also used to create quite an awkward atmosphere in the clip as she has to try to find an excuse for the way she has behaved towards him. Framing is also significant at several points in this clip. For example, when we see the disabled character walking through the busy street, we can see many people passing by in the background. This clip shows the facial expressions of many different people as they pass by who often look at the character in a confused and curious way. The way that this clip is framed makes the disabled character stick out amongst the crowd, which shows how he is treated differently by people in society.
Hair and Makeup- All the characters in this clip are quite conventional, none of them are made to look extravagant etc. but just like normal, everyday people. Keeping the other characters appearance quite bland and boring may be done purposely to make the disabled character stick out more and to make the storyline more effective.
Setting and Props- One of the settings includes a work environment which shows the working class status of the disabled character and other male characters in this clip. The props also represent this work setting.
Facial Expressions- At the start of the clip when the man asks for his job back, we can immediately tell by the other men's facial expressions that they do not want to give him back his job and that there is something they are not comfortable with. Furthermore, we can tell that the man is treated differently by others when the woman gasps in shock when he goes to help her with her shopping. Also when he is walking through the busy street we are shown several different passers by reactions to the man. They look at him almost in confusion and with curiosity. This links to the stereotypical idea that the disabled are pitied and are an object of curiosity.

Editing:

At the beginning of this scene we see an eye line match cut.  We see a close up of the man behind the window and can see from his facial expressions that he is focusing on something outside. This shot then cuts to what he is looking at which was previously off- screen. This allows us to see the two men talking outside. 

When the man is trying to help the woman with her shopping we see an insert. This takes us away from the main action of the man running down the street and focuses in on the shopping which has been dropped and the woman trying to pick it up.

We also see several shot/reverse shots in this scene. For example when the man tries to help the woman with her shopping we see several different cuts which switch from one person to the other, allowing us to see their reactions and facial expressions/ body language. 

When the man is walking through town we see several jump cuts. Here the position of the camera only varies slightly, but this allows us to see passing time and movement as he walks through the crowded street. 

We also see several eye line match cuts again here which allow us to see peoples reaction in the street to the mans disability. For example, we see them looking/focusing on something and then see a cut to the disabled man walking through the street. From this we can see that people are focusing on the man and staring because of his disability. 

Also the background in this frame is blurred so that our main focus is on the characters we are shown, including the disabled man.

We also see several action match cuts. Here the action in one shot cuts to another shot with action occurring at the same time. We can see this where we are shown the several different characters walking through the street.

Representation of Disability in the Inbetweeners

Why is the clip funny?


The clip is funny as Will encourages the boys to play Frisbee and defends his idea that girls will love it, only to be shown up in front of a group of girls when he hits the disabled girl with the Frisbee. This shows another one of the groups unfortunate events and also shows comedy at the end when the group that were playing football that Jay wanted to join in with chase after them, thinking they are trying to steal the disabled girls Frisbee.

How is the disabled girl being represented?

The disabled girl is seen as very vulnerable and weak as she is seen to be crying and shouting and almost inconsolable at the start. She is then shown to be quite rude and ignorant by refusing to give back the Frisbee and making it look like the boys were trying to steal it from her.

Are we meant to laugh at the disabled person?

I believe that both are represented in quite a comical way. We are meant to laugh at Will because of his misfortune and how he has proved everything he has said seconds before to be wrong. However the disabled girl is also represented in an unfair way that could present comedy, for example from the way she is screaming and shouting at Will and his reaction to this. Although the main comedy is based on Will and the other boys and their reactions, the whole scene is meant to be comical which is brought on by the fact that he has accidently hit the disabled girl.

Are they the 'butt' of the joke?

 I do not believe that the disabled girl is meant to be the 'butt' of the joke in this scene as we're mainly focusing on Will and his reactions. We are mainly laughing at the humiliation of Will in this scene.

How do you think disabled people respond to this?

I think people with a disability would find this quite offensive and unfair as they are being used to create something that is meant to be comical and funny. It may make them feel quite vulnerable to being picked on and make them feel quite demoralised as they are being represented in a negative light.

Are we as a society cultivated to think we should pity the disabled?

As a society we are made to feel like we should treat the disabled with kindness and should be very respectful towards them. We are also taught to treat the disabled equally and like everybody else and to not discriminate against people with a disability by making them feel like an outcast. However this clip goes against what society generally thinks by putting a disabled person into quite a comical situation. In a way we are cultivated to think we should pity the disabled but at the same time we are also taught to appreciate the differences amongst people and see it in a positive light. Therefore this clip is quite awkward as it does make people laugh, however morally it Is seen as wrong to laugh in society at a joke that involves someone with a disability.

Major Film Studios

A major film studio is a film producer and production company that releases a substantial number of films annually.

The Big Six film studios are:

1. Warner Bros. Pictures. Comprising a whopping 19.7 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Warner Bros. Pictures is the biggest player in the film industry. Securing the rights to major films like Harry Potter, Superman, Batman, The Matrix and Star Wars have made Warner Bros. the No. 1 name in the business.

2. Paramount Pictures. With 15.5 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Paramount Pictures continues to be one of the most successful film production companies in the world. Star Trek, War of the Worlds, the Mission Impossible series, Transformers and Tropic Thunder are just a few of the popular films produced by Paramount Pictures.

3. Walt Disney. One of the most renowned film production companies in the history of the business, Walt Disney now holds 15.3 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures). With highly successful movies like Pirates of the Caribbean, National Treasure, Meet the Robinsons and Enchanted, there's no doubt that Disney will continue to play a key role in the industry for years to come.

4. Columbia Pictures. Comprising 12.9 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Columbia Pictures remains a big player in the business. Some of this company's recent successes include Casino Royale, The Da Vinci Code, the Spider-Man series and Step Brothers.

5. Universal Studios. 12.2 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures) belongs to Universal Studios, which continues to make millions for the film industry. With major hits like the Bourne series (Bourne Identity, Bourne Supremacy and Bourne Ultimatum), The American Pie series, Knocked Up, American Gangster and The Incredible Hulk, it's very clear that Universal Studios knows what it takes to make money in this industry.

6. 20th Century Fox. Also known as "Twentieth Century Fox," this highly successful movie production company makes up 11.9 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures). Some of the biggest and most successful movies from this empire include the X-Men series, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Star Wars Episodes II and III, and the Fantastic Four.

Roughly 9/10 films in the UK are seen as a result of these distributors

                        Representation Of Gender   Camera Shots

This clip starts off with a tracking/ crabbing shot which follows the two characters out of the house. This allows us to see the characters movements which show us that they are both arguing over something and allows us to feel like a part of the argument, it makes it feel more public. We can immediately see in this sequence that the woman has a lot of the authority, when she points towards the man. This is the opposite of usual gender representation, where the women appear to be weak and vulnerable. We also see an over the shoulder and two shot when the women is talking to the two individuals and giving them commands. From this we can also see that she has a position of authority and power. However towards the end of this sequence this changes, we see more elements of the male gaze. Here we see several camera shots, for example we see a close up of the women where we can see her facial expressions which shows her desperation for the man to help her. We also see an over the shoulder shot, and a long shot of the male as he walks away. This presents the idea from the male gaze that males are typically more powerful and that women rely on them. This makes the woman appear quite weak as she has to plead for his help and it is in his hands whether or not he choses to do so. At the end of this scene we see an establishing shot from a high angle. This perhaps shows the vulnerability of the woman in this scene as she has little idea of what is happening and has just had to beg for the mans help in the case.
In the following scene we see several point of view shots, from these we can see the images the man is looking at and can gather that he is quite intelligent and intellectual. We also see several more close ups of the male in which we can see he is thinking very carefully, we can also see that he is confused by the case yet dedicated to it.
Later in the clip when we see the group of men, we see several long shots and establishing shots which allow us to see the dark and scruffy setting and the rugged appearance of the men.
We also see later in the clip a long shot of the man and the young boy, this allows us to see their actions such as the pair making popcorn together. Through this shot we can see that the roles have been reversed. The male has stayed in with the young boy, where as the woman has gone out to work, which is not stereotypical of gender roles.
Right near the end of the clip we see a close up of the two male characters, here we can see their facial expressions and some of their emotions.
Sounds
At the end of the opening sequence of this clip there is some non-diegetic music used to show the built tension between the characters. This comes after the women character has pleaded with the male character for his help with some work. Non-diegetic music is also used when the male character is going over the notes and photographs. This again builds tension and shows the mans thoughts, it shows his intelligence and concentration on the case. Diegetic music is used at the end of the clip where we can hear the sounds coming from the TV. This is used to show the man watching the tv with the young boy.
Mise En Scene
Gender is portrayed in contrasting ways in this scene. For example some scenes show a role reversal of the characters for example when the man stays to look after the child and the woman goes out to work. This is not stereotypical of gender roles. However there is also scenes which show the opposite of this for example when the woman has to ask for the males help several times, for example when she asks him to help with work at the start and when she asks him to look after the child. This represents the idea that women have to rely on men.

The Male Gaze

Throughout this video we are presented the story from the perspective of a heterosexual male. All of the women in this video are wearing skimpy and minimal clothing, where as the men appear to be in suits and are a lot more formal and smart. At the start we are shown a shot following the woman's movements through the hallways and the up the stairs, in a establishing shot. Her sultry appearance almost suggests she is leading us towards trouble, the woman's sexuality is portrayed in a negative way and shows her to be 'dangerous'. We can also see from this shot that the setting is dark and appears to be in an old, almost haunted and eery looking house which adds to the idea of danger.

We then move on to see the woman lying on the bed, in only underwear whilst the man sits by the side (the male is still fully dressed). This is shown through a two shot where we can see the relationship between the two characters. This presents the idea that a women are simply objectified to look at and that the male has dominance over the woman, as she appears to look very vulnerable and weak in this scene. We are then shown an almost identical image to this, however with another man and woman and slightly different setting. Again the woman is wearing minimal clothing and lying on the bed where as the man appears to look smart in a white shirt. This reinforces the idea of male dominance over the women. The women are also wearing black, a more dark and sinister colour where as the men are both dressed in white, these two colours together may suggest that the women provoke the men, also adding to the idea that women's sexuality is seen as 'dangerous'.

The idea that the female only exists in relation to the male is also seen in this video. For example, when the two men are sitting on the bed we can see that they are awake and thinking about something, where as the woman are asleep and show no expressions (also creates the idea of objectifying women). We can infer from this that the two men are thinking about something provoked by the women, which is the only reason that the women have a role in the video, to entertain and satisfy the men and to cause them problems. This presents 2 ideas from the male gaze: that women are objects and are only there for the enjoyment of the male and that women's sexuality is 'dangerous'. This denies the women human identity in the video, as they wouldn't exist in the video if it weren't for the presence of the male.
We are also shown several more shots of women walking in groups, who are again dressed in provocative and little clothing. Most of these shots are seen in slow motion which makes the images seem more sexual and presents the women to be more sultry.  Furthermore, later into the video, there are several shots where the women are underwater, the idea of wet skin and the slow motion shots underwater again make the scenes more sexual and allow us to focus more on the movements of the women again objectifying them.
All the women in this music video are dressed in dark, predominantly black clothing. This colour presents something dark and sinister and makes us associate the women with trouble and danger.

Representation of Age in Glue

My chosen area of representation is age in the episode of glue.

 Camera Angles: At the very start of the episode we see many extreme long shots and establishing shots. This gives us an introduction to our setting, environment and the time of day in each particular clip. There is also several long shots of the characters at the beginning of the episode, which gives us an idea of what the characters look like and their behaviour at the start which immediately gives us an impression of the characters. For example from their actions, which are mainly portrayed through these long shots we can see that they are behaving erratically. We also have point of view shots, for example at the beginning when we are shown the man taking drugs from a small bag that he is carrying. With all of these features put together we can already see that the characters are quite experimental and enjoy the party lifestyle. This already, in the opening scenes alone matches the stereotype of many teens and young adults in the UK. They are portrayed to be irresponsible and endanger their own lives through reckless behaviour, a common stereotype which is becoming more publicised in the media due to social networking etc. There is also several two shots between the characters when in conversation, so that we can see the relationships between characters. Through these shots we can see that the characters appear often to be quite emotionless and do not regret their behaviour. What they say often doesn't match the truth however from these two shots we can see that the characters seem quite confident in not being entirely honest. This again matches the stereotype that teens are quite unfeeling and emotionless. They are consumed in their own interests and not those of others. Furthermore, there is also several crabbing shots which show movement of the characters and helps us to keep up to keep up with their actions and behaviour. When the man is standing on the top of the large container we see a low angle shot. This shows possibly the feeling of power that the character has at that specific moment in time possibly due to the influence of drugs. When he jumps and is falling we see a low angle shot which perhaps shows his vulnerability as he is not fully aware and in control of his actions. There is also several close ups of the characters, for example when one character tells another about the news of Cals death, this allows us to see the expressions and their reactions to the news. It shows their regret at their behaviour and emphasises the stereotypical idea that teens do not think about actions and their consequences.
 Editing: When the man jumps at the beginning of the scene we see slow motion. This perhaps emphasises his vulnerability as he is not in control of his own actions and is putting his own life in danger. This again adds to the stereotypical image of young adults, the representation that they are irresponsible and do not care about their reckless behaviour. When Cal and the girl then jump in, slow motion is used again. This could be done to emphasise their behaviour and their actions.
Sound: There is several pieces of non-diegetic music used throughout this episode. For example at the very beginning there is music played in the background. It almost creates an uncomfortable feeling for the viewer as it gives a sense that something is not quite right and gives us a feeling that something is going to end badly. It almost seems to create a feeling of danger which matches the characters behaviour. When Cal is found the next morning in the field, music is also used to create greater effect and to build tension. It is used throughout to create a feeling of uncertainty for the viewer and to build tension and suspense. Diegetic music is used when the two female characters are dancing, which shows us that the characters are young and quite playful , and are just keen to explore the world and the different things on offer to them. The use of this different music may emphasise the tendency of young adults to explore the world around them. This again shows a stereotypical view of the young teenage characters.
Mise en scene: The characters throughout are stereotypically represented to be irresponsible and show reckless behaviour . They portray the idea of the ‘lost innocence of childhood’, with their frequent drug and alcohol misuse. They are portrayed to be troublesome and involved with crime, for instance in the use of the drugs or the burning of the car. This is a stereotypical portrayal of young adults which is ever growing in the media in current times. Most of the representations are negative and show only the bad stereotypical images of youths.

Areas of Representation

REPRESENTATIONS – COMMON STEREOTYPES

4 Key Areas Of Textual Analysis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_5YoG-iXjQ
Camera Shots:
The opening shot is of the front of the car where you can see both characters having a conversation. This is a long shot as you can see the car and what is going on in the background e.g: the cars moving past, you can see that the car is parked and it looks like they are waiting.
There is a mid shot as Phil leaves the school which follows him as he moves forwards, so the camera moves backwards like in a tracking shot. You can see what is happening in the background as he moves forwards.
There is also several long shots, for example when Phil gets in the car.
There is also an over the shoulder shot when Stu is looking in the mirror.
There is several long shots when Stu and his wife are in their house, which shows their movements and actions, for example when Stu is packing his cases, we can see that he is getting ready to leave and get the impression he may be going on a trip or holiday somewhere.
When Stu and his wife are sitting on the sofa, there is a mid shot which moves into a close up to show increasing tension between the two. We can also see their facial expressions better from this which shows their emotions.
There is an extreme long shot outside the house, where we can see the environment and the two people running past. This allows us to establish the current environment and the time.
There is also a two shot between Stu and his wife on the sofa when they are having a conversation, we can see the interactions between these two characters and see the tension between them and Stu's wife's lack of trust in him due to the events of previous trips.
Sounds: There is the sound of the school children when they are parked outside the school, from this we can establish the setting.
The music is then introduced, it sounds almost mischievous and starts when Phil gets into the car suggesting that the group of them could potentially cause trouble when put together.
Mise en scene: 
In the two shot at the beginning of the scene, we can see Alan and Doug sat next to each other. Doug is in the drivers seat which perhaps states that he is the more mature and authoritative figure. He is also dressed well compared to Alan who doesn't look well groomed and is dressed more casually. Alan is placed closer to the school and perhaps all these features tied together suggests he is more like a child himself. Also when Phil enters the car, Doug does not allow him in the drivers seat, suggesting he perhaps has more of a wild side than his job as a school teacher suggests. He also carelessly jumps over the side of the car which could signify how he is himself quite chilidsh and thoughtless at times.

 

The call

Camera Shots
There is a lot of close ups used in this clip, possibly to show the increasing tension as time closes in and the action begins. These shots shows Jordan's (the call operators) facial expressions. Such as at the beginning when she rapidly goes from looking quite happy and content to suddenly very focused and concerned when she gets the call from a young girl.
There is also lots of point of view shots for example on the computer, we can see Jordan's actions, for example when she is typing in the address of the girl onto the screen.
There is also a close up of the young girl when she is on the phone. We can see in the background that something is happening. We also get a point of view shot here, for example when she turns to look around the wall and hears the glass smashing we can see what she would see from where she is standing. This puts us in the characters position and makes us feel as if we are there, which increases the anticipation in the scene and builds action and suspense. It also gives us a sense of the fear that the young girl is feeling at that moment.
We also see a crab shot when Leah is running up the stars so that we can keep up with the action.
Again there is several point of view shots so we can see what Leah sees and get a sense of her fear and vulnerability.
There is also a long shot of the man when he is in the corridor in the house. This shot is quite eery as we can only see the outline of the man but can establish that he is a lot more powerful than Leah who we mainly only see close up and can see from her facial expressions that she is fearful.
When the young girl cries 'i think he heard the phone ring' we see a zoom into Jordan, This almost shows impending doom and we can see the terror and dread on her face as the shot moves inwards. It almost gives a sense of what is to follow and makes us feel like something is closing in.
Just before Leah is taken we have an extreme close up where we can see her eyes in detail. This is quite intense for the viewer as we can see nothing that is going  in on the background and therefore her scream comes as a shock and builds the action in the scene. It also allows us to see the vulnerability in her eyes.
The shot where Leah is pulled from underneath the bed is a tracking shot, the camera moves forwards as Leah is pulled out so the camera closely follows her and we can see her facial expressions at all times which makes the viewing more intense for us.
Sounds
We can hear the sounds of Jordan typing underneath the narrative, This creates a sense of urgency as she quickly tries to find a resolution to the problem and keep things under control. There is also the beeping noise as the light turns to red, This sound may signify that there has been a change in the environment, and shows us how the room has gone from being relatively calm to an emergency situation. The sound of the breaking glass as the man enters increases the tension and also adds to our fear for Leah as the viewer. The sound of music in the background almost predicts doom and again builds tension as Leah desperately tries to find a place to hide and get out of dangers way, The scream at the end rounds of the action for that scene.
Editing 
Some editing may have been used in this scene. For example the writing on the screen could have been done by using special effects to make the software look professional and to allow it to fit the context of the film,
Mise en scene
We can tell almost immediately that Jordan is a dedicated worker by the way her character seems to change as soon as she hears the girls voice on the other end of the phone. She seems to switch from relatively calm and laid back to suddenly very alert. This may also represent her intelligence and knowledge of the job as she seems to immediately know that the situation is very bad and we can tell this by the expression of her face and the sound of her voice. We can also tell that she is a caring person that is dedicated to her job and wants to help people. She uses a very kind and soothing voice when she talks to the girl and does all she can in her power to make her feel a little bit of comfort in a horrible situation. This may also show how she is good with children and younger people by the way she seems to speak to Leah.

Basic Camera Angles

Media - Film Roles by laurenamyharriman

Areas of Textual Analysis and Camera Shots

http://downieasmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/4-key-areas-of-textual-analysis.html

                                  Media Representation

What media figures do you consider similar to you and why?

I look up to several images in the media, however mainly them belonging to the music industry because i enjoy music and spend a lot of time listening to different types of music.
For example influential and well known figures such as Rihanna, Beyonce and Kanye West. I do not necessarily consider them to be similar to me, however i follow the trends that these celebrities represent, such as in their clothing, their music, and many other things. I also find myself conforming to some of the trends that those in reality TV shows portray, such as the Kardashians. I tend to follow the trends that they set and portray both on their shows and in social media, such as on instagram and twitter. I believe i am similar to all of these in some ways as i enjoy similar music and like the clothes they wear etc. However ,i believe that all we see in the media, such as on magazines, through social media, on TV programmes and the news influences us to dress, behave and generally influences us  to be the way we are. I believe some people subconsciously model themselves on these stars, however others purposely try to follow the trends to fit in with society. In contrast i believe that some people, model themselves on stars and influential figures in the media to stand out, look different and separate themselves from the norms of society. For example people such as Paloma Faith portray a different kind of style, something that some of the UK tribes may follow in a bid to be different.

I think i am closest to the Tribes: Stylers and Creatives from UK tribes. For example, the creatives like things such as music, photography and art. I particularly enjoy music which could make me fit into this category. I enjoy writing and composing music which would also make me fit into the creatives. The stylers are also similar to me. They are also particularly into music and style. Influential icons for them are people such as Rihanna, Beyonce, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West, which i also believe to be some of my influential figures. The stylers favorite brand is predominantly River island, also my favorite high street store and favorite networking site twitter, which is also my preferred site. River island has sold a Rihanna branded selection of clothing in the past, which fits in with the stylers theme. I believe that i am predominantly similar to the townies tribe. I believe that i am individual and i don't purposely follow the trends in music or style but simply go with what i like, which does often tend to be things that are in trend. I believe that i am quite content to take aspects of different tribes and like to follow things in the media and to keep up with social media and networking. I believe that i could take aspects of several different tribes and for that reason am most similar to the townies who are quite laid back and go with what suits them most.

I believe that we sometimes conform to behave and look the way that the stars are represented in media to fit in with society. Some people also follow specific figures for the opposite reason, for example to stand out and look different as discussed previously. I believe that people like to fit in with the norms to a certain extent and can do this by following stars and public figures. Furthermore i also believe that the development of social media and technology has possibly led to an increase in the number of people who would fit into the 'townie' tribe. This is due to how easily we can access and see what is going on in the media and can see a clearer trend in styles etc.

5 x 5

5x5- Media

5 Favourite albums

1.        (What’s the story) morning glory?- key tracks include wonder wall, don’t look back in anger and champagne supernova.

2.       Favourite worst nightmare- key tracks include Brainstorm and fluorescent adolescent.

3.       Sunny side up-Key tracks include coming up easy, candy and pencil full of lead.

4.       Inside in/inside out- key tracks include naïve and she moves in her own way.

5.       Songs in A minor- key tracks include fallin’.

I enjoy a wide variety of music; however these are some of my favourite albums. My favourite two genres of music are indie rock and R&B. I believe that some of the songs on these albums, such as oasis’ wonder wall are songs that will never grow old!

5 favourite films

1.       The holiday

2.       Taken

3.       Leap year- I particularly like this film because of the different scenery and music (set in Ireland), which makes it quite individual.

4.       Bridesmaids- The comedy in this film is of a good quality and is enjoyable.

5.       Gone

I enjoy a large range of films but my two favourite types of films are rom-com/ chick flick and action thrillers. They are very contrasting genres but I enjoy the variety of watching such differently themed films.

Favourite Magazines

1.       Sun on Sunday, Fabulous

2.       OK! Magazine.

3.       Cosmopolitan

4.       Heat magazine

5.       Hello magazine

I enjoy reading all of these magazines although I believe that some of the stories are exaggerations of the truth, if not on occasions made up. They mainly feature music stars, TV reality stars and actors/actresses and keep us updated on the gossip surrounding the lives of these people. I also enjoy reading them for the pictures and to see the latest fashion trends and styles that these magazines portray and also often advertise.

5 Favourite music artists

1.       Alicia Keys

2.       Paloma Faith

3.       Paolo Nutini

4.       Oasis

5.       Arctic Monkeys

I like a mixture between R&B artists, and rock and indie and alternative bands and soloists. I particularly like some of Alicia keys older songs and Oasis’ first singles which contrast quite widely however are still some of my favourites.

 

5 Favourite TV Programmes

1.       90210- This programme gives an insight into the lives of some of the wealthy young people of Beverly Hills. I also enjoy it because it is particularly aimed at a young audience, mainly elder teens.

2.       Hollyoaks

3.       Scott and Bailey

4.       Sherlock

5.       EastEnders

I enjoy all of these programmes, ranging from soaps to TV dramas. They vary in genre but I enjoy keeping up with soaps which have an ongoing storyline and also dramas with a more specific them and plot.